Drill Bits for Wood, Metal, and Concrete: How to Avoid Buying the Wrong One

Buying drill bits can be confusing, especially when you see a dozen similar-looking pieces in the same store that only differ in price and color. But the difference between bits for wood, metal, and concrete isn’t just about the label. Choosing the wrong one means scorched holes, a dull bit after a few minutes of work, or even a damaged drill.

In this guide, we’ll walk through the key differences in tip design and material, explain when you need an SDS system, and break down what the HSS marking means. The goal is to head to the store with a clear idea of exactly what you’re looking for—no more guessing.

Why Does a Wood Bit Burn Up in Concrete?

When you start drilling into concrete with a regular wood bit, you’ll feel resistance and heat. The tip of a wood bit is designed to cut into fibers, and it lacks the carbide tip needed to break down the minerals in concrete. On concrete, that spur has nothing to grip, so it starts sliding and scraping across the surface. The result is friction that generates heat and dulls the tip within seconds.

Concrete isn’t flammable, but the bit can turn black and lose its edge. That’s not a sign of a bad bit—it’s a sign it’s being used outside its intended purpose. Concrete requires bits with a carbide tip that can fracture the minerals, not cut them.

How to Tell Wood, Metal, and Concrete Bits Apart

The quickest way to identify a bit is to look at the tip and the material. A wood bit has a center spur and sharp side cutters that slice through fibers. A metal bit has a conical tip with a 118 or 135-degree angle, and often features a split point to prevent walking on smooth surfaces. A concrete bit has a carbide tip that’s visibly harder and often shaped like a cross or arrow.

The packaging usually lists the material the bit is designed for, but if you’re buying in bulk, keep in mind that HSS stands for high-speed steel, which works for both metal and wood. For concrete, look for the HM (hard metal) marking or an SDS shank.

What Does HSS Mean and When Should You Choose HSS-Co?

HSS stands for High Speed Steel. It’s a steel alloy that holds its edge at higher temperatures, making it suitable for drilling metal and wood. A standard HSS bit is fine for soft non-ferrous metals like aluminum, copper, and brass.

When you need to drill into stainless steel or harder alloys, a regular HSS bit will heat up quickly and lose its edge. That’s when HSS-Co bits are the better choice—they contain cobalt and can handle higher temperatures. You’ll see them marked as HSS-Co or HSS-E on the packaging. These bits cost more, but they last longer, though they’re harder and more brittle than standard HSS, so there’s a higher chance they’ll snap under side load.

When to Use SDS Bits and the Difference Between SDS-Plus and SDS-Max

The SDS system is used for drilling into concrete and masonry because it transfers impact energy from the drill to the bit more efficiently than a standard chuck. If you’re drilling concrete regularly or making holes over 10 mm, an SDS drill and bit are the way to go. For occasional drilling into brick or mortar, a regular hammer drill with a carbide bit might be enough.

It’s important to know the difference between SDS-Plus and SDS-Max. SDS-Plus is the standard for drills up to about 4 kg, while SDS-Max is for larger drills and holes from about 25 mm up. An SDS-Max bit won’t fit into an SDS-Plus chuck, and vice versa. Before buying, check which system your drill supports—it’s usually printed on the tool itself or in the manual.

How to Choose a Bit for Large Holes in Wood

For holes over 20 mm in wood, a standard twist bit isn’t the best option. It can bind and leave a rough edge. For clean, precise holes, use Forstner bits, which have a flat bottom and cut without tearing the wood. For through-holes, hole saws are a good choice—they cut a circle and leave a core.

If you need to drill deep holes in wood, like in beams or posts, consider auger bits, which have a threaded center point that pulls the bit into the material. At the Alatishop store, you’ll find various types of wood bits, but pay attention to the diameter and length you need.

What Speeds Should You Use for Drilling?

Drilling speed depends on the material and bit diameter. A general rule is to use slower speeds for metal and faster speeds for wood, but that’s not always accurate. For concrete, moderate speed with hammer action is recommended, as high speed can overheat the carbide tip.

When drilling metal, use cutting oil to reduce friction and extend bit life. For wood, avoid excessive speed because it can burn the fibers at the hole entrance. If you feel the bit heating up, slow down and pull it out to cool off.

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FAQ

What’s the difference between a wood bit and a metal bit?

A wood bit has a center spur and sharp cutters that slice through fibers, while a metal bit has a conical tip with a 118 or 135-degree angle and often a split point for better centering.

Can I use a metal bit on wood?

Yes, an HSS metal bit will drill through wood without issues, but the hole may have rougher edges. For precise holes in wood, it’s better to use a bit designed for wood.

What does HSS mean on a drill bit?

HSS stands for High Speed Steel. It’s a material that withstands high temperatures and is used for bits designed for metal and wood.

When do I need an SDS bit?

You need an SDS bit when drilling into concrete or masonry frequently or when making holes larger than 10 mm. The SDS system transfers impact energy more efficiently than a standard chuck.

How can I tell if a concrete bit is good?

A good concrete bit has a carbide tip and a shank that fits your drill. Check that the carbide plate on the tip is undamaged and well-brazed, and that the bit is marked for concrete.